LAPORAN PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN YOGHURT

 LAPORAN PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN YOGHURT

1.   TUJUAN

Mengetahui proses pembuatan yoghurt dan proses terjadinya fermentasi.

2.   ALAT DAN BAHAN

·    1 liter susu sapi

·    50 gram gula pasir

·    50 ml minuman berkultur bakteri asam laktat (chimory, yakult, biokult)

·    Kompor

·    Panci

·    Pengaduk

·    Wadah bertutup

·    Sarung tangan

3.   LANGKAH-LANGKAH

1.     Masukkan 1 liter susu sapi ke dalam panci.

2.     Tambahkan 50 gram gula dan aduk merata.

3.     Didihkan susu hingga suhu 90^oC selama 15 menit.

4.     Matikan kompor dan biarkan suhu menurun hingga 45^oC.

5.  Perhatikan tekstur dan rasa susu sebelum menambahkan chimory, yakult, atau biokult. Aduk merata.

6.     Tuangkan susu ke dalam wadah bertutup.

7.     Simpan susu selama 1 x 24 jam pada suhu ruangan.

8.     Yoghurt siap dikonsumsi.

4.   DISKUSI

1.     Mengapa dalam pembuatan yoghurt susu harus dididihkan terlebih dahulu?

2.     Amati kemasan chimory, yakult, atau biokult. Bakteri apa yang terdapat dalam chimory, yakult, atau biokult tersebut?

3.     Apa perbedaan tekstur dan rasa antara susu dan yoghurt?

4.     Apa fungsi bakteri tersebut dalam pembuatan yoghurt?

Jawaban:

1.     Untuk membunuh bakteri dan mikroba yang dapat menyebabkan pembusukkan secara berlebihan.

2.     Streptococcus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus bulgaricus.

	Susu	Yoghurt
Tekstur	Lebih cair dari yoghurt	Lebih kental dan lembut
Rasa	Polos/tidak berasa	Asam, sedikit manis

4.     - Lactobacillus bulgaricus berperan dalam pembentukan aroma.

      -   Streptococcus thermophillus berperan dalam pembentukan cita rasa.

 

5.   KESIMPULAN

Yoghurt adalah minuman fermentasi yang terbentuk karena adanya bakteri yang memecah gula pada susu yaitu laktosa menjadi asam laktat. Pembuatan yoghurt ini merupakan salah satu contoh penggunaan bioteknologi konvensional.

DAMPAK NEGATIF PENGGUNAAN ZAT ADIKTIF DAN PSIKOTROPIKA

 

DAMPAK NEGATIF PENGGUNAAN ZAT ADIKTIF DAN PSIKOTROPIKA

Zat adiktif dan psikotropika tergolong narkoba. Zat adiktif adalah zat-zat yang dapat membuat penggunanya kecanduan. Narkoba biasanya zat atau bahan yang  dimasukkan ke dalam tubuh manusia baik secara diminum (oral), dihirup, dan dengan jarum lalu disuntikkan ke tubuh. Penggunaan narkoba haruslah hati-hati dan di bawah pengawasan dokter.

Contoh jenis narkotika adalah  tanaman opium mentah, opium masak seperti candu, opium, morfin, papaver, kokain, ekgonin, tanaman ganja,  dan damar ganja. 

Psikotropika adalah bahan atau zat yang tidak tergolong narkotika dan alkohol tetapi memiliki khasiat yang tidak jauh berbeda. Contoh zat psikotropika antara lain afetamin dan ekstasi. 

Dampak negatifnya antara lain:

1. Berat badan akan turun secara drastis, matanya akan terlihat cekung dan agak merah, muka lesu dan pucat, bibirnya agak kehitam-hitaman, sulit buang air besar dan kecil, dan sembelit atau sakit perut tanpa alasan jelas. 

2. Dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan fisik dan psikologis.

3. Sangat sensitif dan mudah bosan, jika dimarahi atau ditegur akan menunjukkan sikap membangkang, menjadi linglung, dan nafsu makannya berkurang. 

4. Mengubah pola pikir, suasana hati atau memengaruhi perasaan seseorang.

5. Menjadi malas, sering melupakan tanggung jawab, kurang aktif, tidak peka, menjauh dari keluarga, menyendiri, murung, takut akan air, batuk, pilek berkepanjangan, bersikap manipulatif, sering berbohong dengan berbagai alasan, sering menguap, mengeluarkan keringat berlebihan, mengalami nyeri kepala, ngilu di sendi-sendi tubuh dan lain sebagainya.

6. (Untuk ekstasi) dapat menyebabkan pemakainya mengalami dehidrasi, sementara pengonsumsian dalam jangka panjang akan menimbulkan gangguan daya ingat dan kelambanan gerakan anggota tubuh.   

7. Menghilangkan rasa sakit dan nyeri

8. Menimbulkan atau merangsang rasa mengantuk (seperti opium dan ganja)

9. Muntah-muntah, kejang-kejang, dan badan menggigil pada saat tidak memakai narkoba.

10. Berdampak buruk pada hati dan ginjal.

11. Mengurangi kemampuan darah dalam menyimpan oksigen.

12. Mengakibatkan kanker.

13. Menyebabkan kesulitan dalam bernapas.

14. Merasa waktu berjalan lambat.

15. Timbul masalah kulit di sekitar mulut dan hidung.

16. Menimbulkan euphoria.

17. Kebingungan (konfusi).

18. Pingsan dan jantung berdebar-debar.

19. Denyut nadi melambat dan tekanan darah menurun.

20. Otot-otot menjadi lemah.

21. Pupil mengecil dan gangguan penglihatan.

22. Mengurangi bahkan menghilangkan kepercayaan diri.

23. Banyak bicara.

24. Gangguan kebiasaan tidur.

25. Gigi rapuh dan gusi menyusut karena kekurangan kalsium.

26. Tekanan darah meningkat.

27. Sulit bersosialisasi dan mengendalikan diri.

28. Kesulitan menyambung pembicaraan.

29. Berpikiran negatif terhadap diri sendiri.

30. Dikucilkan dalam masyarakat dan pergaulan. 

31. Kehilangan kesempatan belajar dan dapat dikeluarkan dari sekolah.

32. Tidak dipercaya 

33. Dapat dimasukkan ke dalam penjara

34. Melakukan tindak kriminal

35. Bila sudah ketagihan tingkat tinggi atau sakaw, di saat tidak mengonsumsi, pengguna ada yang menjerit histeris, menggigit jari, menyayat tubuh, berperilaku seperti orang gila, dan akhirnya bila tak terpenuhi karena sudah ketagihan dapat mengakibatkan kematian.

English Speaking Test: Sea Turtle & 911 Call

 Sea Turtles 101 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Rmv3nliwCs

Sea turtles are ancient mariners. Present in all but Earth’s coldest oceans, these marine reptiles are well-adapted to a life on the move.

Sea turtles have existed since the time of the dinosaurs. The earliest known marine turtle lived about one hundred and twenty million years ago, named Desmatochelys padillai. It was six feet long and had the characteristic features of modern sea turtles including a carapace, or a top shell, and paddle-like limbs. Today, there are seven species of sea turtles with the largest being the leatherback. Growing as long as eight feet and weighing up to two thousand pounds, it is larger than known fossils of its prehistoric ancestor, the padillai.

Sea turtles can lay more than one hundred and fifty eggs at a time. Called the clutch, these large egg deposits help ensure the survival of sea turtle hatchlings. Once a female lays her eggs, she returns to the sea, leaving her hatchlings to fend for themselves. Fewer than point one percent of hatchlings survive to adulthood in part due to numerous predators on the beach. Emerging in large numbers increases the chance that some will survive.

Sea Turtle

A sea turtle’s sex is determined by temperature. Unlike most vertebrates, a sea turtle’s sex is not determined by sex chromosomes. Instead, the temperature of the nest determines the sex of the hatchlings. When temperatures are warm, at about eighty eight degrees Fahrenheit, most of the hatchlings will be female, but when temperatures are cooler, less than around eighty two degrees Fahrenheit, most of the hatchlings will be male.

Sea turtles use Earth’s magnetic fields to navigate. Sea turtles have geomagnetic abilities which serve as an internal GPS. The turtles have particles of magnetite, a magnetic mineral, in their brains. The magnetite likely plays a role in orienting sea turtles to Earth’s magnetic poles, similar to a compass. Baby sea turtles imprint on the unique magnetic signature of the beaches where they hatch. This magnetic map can guide them back to the same beaches several years later to lay their own eggs.

All seven sea turtle species are threatened with extinction. Once abundant, sea turtle populations have dramatically declined in the past two centuries. Fishing is a major threat to sea turtles as they become caught in fishing nets as bycatch, or accidental catch. Illegal harvesting of turtle eggs, trafficking in turtle products, and ocean pollution are also concerns. However, policies have been enacted to reduce bycatch, protect turtle habitats, and prohibit the killing of sea turtles and their eggs. By continuing this kind of intervention, humans can help stop the decline of sea turtles, helping keep this ancient mariners in the world’s oceans.

Woman Disguises 911 Call by Ordering Pizza - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJL_8kNFmTI

Hello and welcome to the Twenty Two News. My name is A from Class and I will accompany you for the next three minutes. Our story today is about a wrong call at first glance that quickly turned out to be a call for help. Luckily for an Ohio woman, her 911 dispatcher was listening very carefully.

A 911 call was made in Oregon, and when the dispatcher answered, he was pretty confused. The caller was a woman, who asked for a pizza. The dispatcher was puzzled. He stated that the number the woman was calling was the wrong number, but then the woman’s tone of voice changed. The dispatcher soon understood that there is something wrong going on.

In his fourteen years of service, this is a call Oregon dispatcher Tim Teneyck has never gotten before. Although people saw it on Facebook, nobody has ever been trained to face this situation. The 911 dispatchers were just trained to listen. He also said domestic violence calls are common but not like this.

Teneyck questioned the woman if the culprit was still there and if any medical is required. She answered using codes related to pizza. The abuser was still in her house, but she didn’t need medical. After this exchange Teneyck alerted officers to hurry. He also reminded the police to turn off the sirens and declared that the case was a domestic violence one.

Teneyck says his intuition that something wasn’t right kicked in, which to him, reaffirms how important listening is in his line of work. He said that other dispatchers that he had talked to would not have picked up on the pizza code the woman used.

Michael Navarre from the Oregon Police Department praised the dispatcher. He also said that some other dispatchers may have hung up. Oregon police chief Michael Navarre expressed that ordering a pizza to indicate domestic violence is something he’s never heard of. Not in his years, not his forty-two years of law enforcement.

But coming up with some kind of code to alert 911 that you’re in trouble is the right thing to do. The chief says if you ever find yourself in a similar situation here’s what you should do: Find a way to convey to the police dispatcher that you are in trouble. He added that the woman who called using pizza codes did that not with her words, but with the tone of her voice.

Thanks to the quick thinking of both the caller and the dispatcher, the alleged abuser, Simon Lopez, was arrested and locked up.

Chief Navarre said Teneyck handled the call beautifully and that it had a happy ending.

The victim’s daughter says when she made the call she was hoping to keep the person hitting her mom from running away before the police got there. And that strategy worked. And they also talked about texting to 911 as well too is a good way, if you can. Alright, this story is also a reminder if you or anyone you know who is a victim of domestic violence, you can contact here locally the alliance against family violence and sexual assault at 322-0931. You can also call the 24 hour crisis hot line three two seven ten ninety one and you can call the national domestic violence hotline at one eight hundred seven nine nine safe. And always, in case of an emergency, call 911.

The Tale of the Selfless Hare

 The Tale of the Selfless Hare

Long ago, the Bodhisattva was reborn as a hare. He lived in a leafy forest that was rich with fruits and bordered by a river of pure water as blue as lapis lazuli.

The hare had three friends—a monkey, a jackal, and an otter—who looked to the wise hare as their leader. He taught them the importance of keeping moral laws, observing holy days, and giving alms. Whenever a holy day approached, the hare advised his friends that if someone asked them for food, they were to give freely and generously from the food they had gathered for themselves.

Sakra, lord of devas, was watching the four friends from his great palace of marble and light on the peak of Mount Meru, and on one holy day, he decided to test their virtue.

That day, the four friends separated to find food. The otter found seven red fish on a riverbank; the jackal found a lizard and a vessel of milk someone had abandoned; the monkey gathered mangoes from the trees.

 

Sakra took the form of a Brahman, or priest, and he went to the otter and said, "Friend, I am hungry. I need food before I can perform my priestly duties. Can you help me?"  The otter offered the Brahman the seven fish he had gathered for his own meal.

He also asked the same thing to both the jackal and the monkey, and they also generously offered the Brahman the foods they had looked forward to eating for themselves.

Then the Brahman went to the hare and asked for food, but the hare had no food other than the grass growing in the forest. So, the hare told the Brahman to build a fire, and when the fire was burning, he said, "I have nothing to give you to eat but myself!" Then, the hare threw himself into the fire.

 

The disguised lord of deva was astonished and deeply moved. He caused the fire to go instantly cold so that the hare was not burned, and then revealed his true form to the selfless little hare. "Dear hare," he said, "your virtue will be remembered through the ages." And then Sakra painted the wise hare's likeness on the pale face of the moon for all to see.

Sakra returned to his home on Mount Meru, and the four friends lived long and happily in their beautiful forest. And to this day, those who look up at the Moon can see the image of the selfless hare.

English Assignment: Email Reply (example)

 Theme: Casual

To: a@edunet.mail

subject: re:school project

 

Hi A

Thanks for your email. Sorry I haven’t written sooner. I’ve been busy with my schoolwork. Anyway, you want to know how we have fun here in Indonesia.

Well, to answer your question, lots of things make me laugh, like funny films and books, or when my friend tells a joke. I’m having a good time when I read good books, draw, and hang out with my friends. Oh, I also love to play with my pet rabbit, Mocca. I do them in my spare time, or when I feel tired and I need a break from all the school stuff. I’ve been doing them since I’m in elementary school. Doing those things really makes me happy. I think having fun is very important for us. It can lower our stress-level and helps us feel relax and refreshed, so we can continue doing our work again.

By the way, do you know that a lot of teenagers nowadays do video blogging or vlogging? Since a lot of them watch Metube videos, they also want to upload one from themselves. They would often tape their daily lives, thoughts, food, activities, and other various things that they can do. Some teens may even get famous from vlogging!

I hope this will be helpful for your school project!

Write soon!

B

English Assignment: Asking someone to do something & Describing Object / People

Asking Someone to Do Something

·       Could you bring the books to my desk, please?

·       Can you send me the pictures for the science project later? I have to finish it today.

·       We need to phone the police right now.

·       You couldn’t visit the book store, could you?

·       I would be very grateful if you could help me with my English project.

B.    Describe Things

      It’s quite big and round. It also bounces. Its’ circumference is 75 cm - 78 cm and it weighs around 600 - 650 gram. In the very beginning, the color of most was brown, but lately, it's more common to see the orange ones. Nearly all have an inflatable inner rubber bladder, generally wrapped in layers of fiber and then covered with a surface made either from leather, rubber, or a synthetic composite. It has a small opening that allows the pressure to be increased or decreased. The surface is nearly always divided by "ribs" that are recessed below the surface in a variety of configurations and are generally a contrasting color. We use it for playing basketball.

C.    Describing People

1.   Describing Someone’s Appearance

She’s tall and medium-sized. She has wavy, dark brown-colored hair (brunette). She looks old, but pretty and smartly-dressed.

2.   Describing Someone’s Mannerisms

She is standing with hands on hips and legs crossed, which shows confidence and readiness, superiority, or aggression.

3.   Describing Someone’s Character

I think she’s friendly and nice. She looks wise, well-mannered, and easy-going, which makes her an extrovert.

4.   Describing Someone’s Feelings

She looks proud, delighted, enthusiastic, and confident.

English Assignment: My Dream Job (example)

 ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT

MY DREAM JOB

1.     

      What is your dream job and the task/responsibilities in the job?

I want to be a story writer. A writer should change readers into better humans. He/she ought to inspire readers, without obscuring the seamy side of things, to face the world or even the distress in the world from a positive point of view. He/she ought to equip readers with wisdom and courage to face and fight against potential difficulties. He/she ought to help readers learn how to control their own destiny. If he/she is treated to a bright and beautiful world, he/she should tell his readers, showering them with love, hope, and happiness which he/she has got. His works may be entertaining, promotional, informative, or educational, but no matter what he/she is aiming to do, he/she himself should be good-willed, public-spirited, and serious, as well as being sincere to his/her readers. He/she also has the responsibility for bridging the gaps between people and for building the world into a better one.

 

2.     Why do you want to be this kind of job?

First of all, I love writing stories. I can improve my imagination and creativity either. And I make people feel more alive with my writings. I also can earn income from my hobby. The first time I got paid for something I wrote, I felt a warm glow for days. It’s not easy to get rich from writing, but the satisfaction of knowing your passion provided for you and your family is an incredible feeling. I experience things more deeply. Writing can draw you deeper into the moment. It can help you understand people and why they do the things they do. If you want to write well, the writing itself will force you to experience your life more fully. I get to bring meaning to the world. It’s easy to lose hope in our culture, to think everything is meaningless, to give up on the world, and just chase after your own pleasure. But writing helped me discover that my life is incredibly meaningful, and it’s allowed me to share that meaning with the world.

 

3.     Who inspires you? Tell briefly about his/her job.

My inspirations are Joanne Kathleen Rowling, Enid Blyton, and Roald Dahl. They also write stories. All of their stories are wonderful, but they all really started from zero. Even the famous author of Harry Potter, J. K. Rowling, also begins with a hard start. Soon after conceiving the idea for Harry Potter, Rowling began writing but was immediately pulled away from her work by the devastating death of her mother. Rowling ceased working on the book and sank into a deep, grieving depression, getting little to nothing accomplished in that time. Things did not go as planned.

When Rowling finally finished the first three chapters, she sent the manuscript off to a publisher – They quickly passed on the project. She sent it to another publisher. Again, the answer was no. Her mailbox filled up with rejection letters, but she didn’t let it stop her. After sending her manuscript to 12 different publishers and getting rejected by every single one, Rowling began losing confidence in her book. Finally, the editor at Bloomsbury Publishing company sat down to read the manuscript. And so did the editor’s 8-years-old daughter. The little girl loved the opening chapters and begged to read the whole thing. This made the publisher agree to publish Rowling’s novel. But Rowling was left with a warning: that she should get a day job because she wouldn’t make any money writing children’s books. Once Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone was published, though, she proved everyone wrong.

 

4.     What is the effort you must do or you’ve started to do to reach you dream job?

1.     Studies hard

I must have enough knowledge to write about something, so I know how to describe or tell people something new with my writings.

2.     Imagining as much as possible

A story must be interesting, or else nobody will want to read it. We must make the story we write different and better from others.

3.     Practice writing stories

We must practice writing the story every time. That way we can improve and fix our mistakes.

4.     Never give up

All people make mistakes. Not everyone succeeds on their first try. Failure always makes us feel disappointed, but we must try harder.